aunt became spirits living in the lagoon, and the aunt is, Another Bundjalung National Park is a special place. major economic, spiritual and cultural importance to Aboriginal power this island was a djurebil inhabited by a spirit who caused women to Informative and very touching. intuition They stopped along the coast at various places and populated the land. Bundjalung Nation Aboriginal people have lived on and visited the place known as Goanna Nyarram mala behn gudjahrra. On a walkabout looking for their true selves. This decoy attracts the bird out of the bush making it an easy prey. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. They arrived by sea and landed at Goanna Headland (about 45km south of Ballina, just south of Evans Head) which is one of the most easterly points on mainland Australia. emotions One of the annual rituals of the Bundjalung people was the movement to the coast during the winter months when the mullet were plentiful. Interview with Gerry Bostock http://www.valeriebarrow.com/Interview-Gerry-Bostok.pdf Here is the source for that work, the link is included above. The circles represent knowledge. In the I am writing to you from Wadawurrung Country in Anglesea, Victoria. Bundjalung Nation Aboriginal people have lived on and visited Goanna Headland for at least 12,000 years. Only Goanna was powerful enough to deal with Rainbow Snake. The landscape varied from towering mountains to the bountiful sea, providing an abundance of food and materials that met all their needs. The Bundjalung people tell us that Rainbow Snake and Goanna worked together to create this area. (known to the Bundjalung people as Wollumbin rainmaker). Goanna reached the coast. united anytime before the 18th century, with more than 20 main groups, Along the Pacific coast, the Gumbaynggirr lands stretch from the Nambucca River in the South to around the Clarence River in the North and the Great Dividing Range in the West. their first landing by canoe at Yamba. What? Gerry, Can you tell me how the Koorie people think about the thought of star people existing? defense Dirawong is also associated with birds and snakes. Goanna often appears to young teenage boys or those who have lost their way. Many of these names point to some characteristic peculiar to that dialect. What he did is a secret, and cannot be told here, but it was so bad that a local clever man called on Goanna to chase Rainbow Snake away. Just a mention - the nation to the South of Bundjalung is Yaygirr, & the correct spelling (which I notice you have on another page) is Gumbaynggirr not Gumbainggari or Gumbainggin. Grinding grooves are generally found around watercourses The Kamilaroi language, which is no longer spoken, is classified in the Pama-Nyungan Family of Australian languages. FANTASTIC SITE..Has helped me a lot and I also enjoyed Gerry's interview. They are now nearly extinct and only a small number remain. When Rainbow Serpent spotted Dirawong heading towards him, he quickly turned, and this time he kept going until he reached Burraga (the Tasman Sea), and transformed himself into an island so Dirawong would not recognise him. protection It is thought that the term Bandjalung was originally used to describe the dialect spoken around Bangawalbin Creek and that this name was later used to cover all dialects. initiation area encompasses much more than the obvious raised earth Woodenbong, at the lagoon known as "Bainmabal". DALNAN Calm, Peaceful, motionless NYAN Eh? At Evans Head there is a. Either way it's very interesting & informative - thank you! The major part of Goanna Headland is now a reserve with objectives to conserve aboriginal culture and heritage, preserve the native flora and fauna and provide recreational activities to the public. identified by and belongs to a specific piece of land. In Australian Indigenous mythologyof theBundjalung, an area known as the land of the three rivers. The details of the legend vary from one part of the coast to another, each Aboriginal language area claiming that the brothers landed in their territory. This is the most informative piece on the Bundjalung people i can find on the web so far.Full of priceless local knowledge and a deep respect for culture.Thankyou, by reading this i am able to get a clear picture of Bundjalung life following your heart paid off. This fun website offers you all kinds of affirmations for all kinds of purposes. On her return she found her three sons had left without her, enraged at being left behind, she called out to the three brothers and in her anger struck the sea with a stick. After the first Wandaral ceremony at Brunswick, The eldest brother, Yarbirri, made the laws. Language teacher, Glen Rhodes can be contacted at: Bunjum Aboriginal Corporation in Ballina has run a Culture Matters Project, to help local Aboriginal artists to develop their visual arts and crafts, paintings, sculptures, textiles etc. At Woodburn they left the Richmond River and kept on going. Keep it up. rock outcrops overhangs may form cave type shelters. Their people as links to their heritage, culture and dreaming, and in Hi I love this easy reference, thankstheres a serious error in the Map so you may want to notify the source so they may correct in a reprint? Burial locations generally occur close to water. strength The new totem has been donated to the Gateway and after two years of hard work by skilled artists and volunteers, the 15-metre high Uplift totem is in place incorporating the goanna, whale, dolphin and carpet snake which are important symbols to the Bundjalung of Byron Bay - Arakwal Bumberlin people. There are ten consonants: b, d, dj, g, m, n, ng, ny, l, r, w and y. Nouns take many different suffixes (tag endings) to mark such roles as subject, object, instrument, location, movement towards, possession and to make feminine from masculine nouns. Inter-nation relationships Arriving back at the beach the grandmother grew very angry at being left behind and used her magic to summon up a storm making the first waves on what up till that point had been a waveless ocean. We are currently scheduled to release a new video every Wednesday, and Saturday on our YouTube Channel: hello i woke up feeling so monkeyish today maybe its a monkey day, Your email address will not be published. Our Council was first formed in 1989 in response to the Elders concern about leadership on the Cultural and Traditional values for the Bundjalung Nation. refuse pits, as well as burials and raised hut dwellings. The spiritual meaning of Goanna is one of inner power and survival, learning to find your spiritual warrior within. Artwork by John Kershaw of the Bundjalung Nation and local resident. including for sacred rituals, canvasses for artwork, burials, places of kilometres north-west of Amphlett's Lagoon is a pine capped hill called Caves and overhangs have many uses wisdom, Copyright 2023 Spirit Animal Totems | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. discernment The information carved into the tree is sacred and as such no further otherwise indicated by the relevant custodians. This journey started nearly five years ago when I handed over my destiny to my higher power. The Australian Aboriginal word for goanna (Lace Monitor) is Wardapi in the Warlpiri language. indicate previous occupation by Aboriginals. Country. This forced the brothers ashore at Ballina and they went overland back to retrieve the grandmother. Headland for at least 12,000 years. The mysterious protector God the Goanna is a creator being of the Bundjalung people. healing Here is a list of animals found in the wider Bundjalung region and their language translations. Aboriginal pathways utilising a series of interconnecting ranges, which The Maliyu dandaygambu yarbini. Later they moved to Bandjalung country nearTabulam in northern NSW. Sadly Uncle Charles Moran has now passed on, but Muurrbay was fortunate to record some of his valuable language knowledge. Initiation Bundjalung is being revived, taught and spoken in many places on Bundjalung country: Thelma James Bundjalung caf Gunnawannabe was the host for a language workshop held in Lismore. In Australian Aboriginal mythology (specifically Bundjalung), Dirawong is a goanna Ancestral Being who taught humans how to live on the land, as well as important ceremonies and rituals. Can anyone help me? Ngay waymalehla nganyahya nguyaya. Aboriginal spirituality is totemic A totem is a natural object, plant or animal that is inherited by members of a clan or family as their spiritual emblem. Goanna Headland has been the mythological place of origin of the Bundjalung Nation, for thousands of years. According to Bundjalung Nation Aboriginal dream-time, three brothers, Mamoonh, Yarbirri (also known as 'yar Birrain') and Birrung, settled on what is now known as Seven Mile beach (between Lennox Head and Broken Head) and one of them, Yarbirri, produced a flow of fresh water by thrusting his spear into the sand. fossil beds may be associated with dreaming tracks, occurring as a 02 6736 6000 I will have to try to find them. All Yugambeh-Bundjalung Dictionary and Grammar can be ordered from the author at: https://margaretcsharpe.wordpress.com/all-yugambeh-bundjalung-dictionary-and-grammar/. resource rich areas such as the estuaries, river valleys and coast are To the North are the many Bundjalung languages (Bundjalung, Wahlubal, Yugambeh etc) whose language is quite different. And wishes no harm. legend explains the steps on the side of Mount Lindesay and also hints The Bundjalung Nation people represented by 15 Australian Aboriginal tribes, within which are many groups, clans and bands) call the spiritual creature "The Dirawong" (goanna). He became part of the family. 2 Comments, Sign up to get the latest on sales, new releases and more, Planet CorroboreeOpen 7 days a week10am - 6pm1/69 Jonson St, Byron Bay, NSW, 2481, AustraliaT: +61 2 6680 7884, Free Shipping On Orders Over $150. Stone arrangements purposely arranged to form circles and swamp or lagoon formed, until he finally landed near the sawmill in [4], According to Norman Tindale, various spellings and other names were used for the Bundjalung people:[4], According to R. H. Mathews, the Bundjalung rite of transition into manhood began with a cleared space called a walloonggurra some distance from the main camp. Evans Head was known as Gummingarr, a name derived from gummi, meaning father's mother. plains and open landscapes, however they are usually closely associated Bundjalung has been used as a general term for the whole language, covering all the different dialects, and also to refer to certain individual dialects. discarded tools, food remains, sediments and material fallen from the In the very beginning, three brothers, Mamoonh, Yarbirri (also known as 'yar Birrain') and Birrung, together with their wives and mother traveled from far across the sea, arriving on the Australian coast at the mouth of the Clarence River. Yumbalay Travel Update and the Pandemic of Disconnection - By Pearl Andrews, Yumbalay - 'Travel' in Bundjalung/Yaegl - By Pearl Andrews, 1/69 Jonson St, Byron Bay, NSW, 2481, Australia. These words below come from a variety of sources of language groups within the Bundjalung nation.mainly Gidhabal, Wahlubal and Wehlubal. with water. Camp Douglas Cook, a Bundjalung man, told the following story about Rainbow Snake to Jolanda Nayutah before he died. Snake turned around and bit him. The clan associated with Ballina is the Nyangbul people. Could you please let me know how to say (the grossly inadequate English translation o) The dreaming in Bundjalung language? The Bundjalung nation occupies land from north-east NSW to south-east Queensland; i.e. The Bundjalung nation is a large federation of clans. information on carved tree locations can be supplied. Their totem is the goanna. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. This is a dictionary-grammar of the northern varieties of the Yugambeh-Bundjalung language group. Goanna then stopped to eat some herbs to heal himself. In Australian Indigenous mythology of the Bundjalung, an area known as " the land of the three rivers ". to the disturbance of Aboriginal life by the invasion of Europeans. It is the spiritual centre of their culture. The Bundjalung are the traditional owners of this land and are part of the oldest surviving continuous culture in the world. Be sure to subscribe as because we release at least 2 videos a week! communities. We wish to recognise the generations of the local Aboriginal people of the Tweed Bundjalung Nation who have lived in and derived their physical and spiritual needs from the forests, rivers, lakes and streams of this beautiful valley over many thousands of years as the traditional custodians of these lands. identifies the ridgelines as being the most frequented routes. But! They came from the land at the centre of the world when a massive catastrophe destroyed it. Great article! ceremonial significance to Aboriginal people, and they should not be This fun website offers you messages from yourGuardian Angels, Brought to you by the same people who created Spirit Animals. But we cannot see. Bundjalung nation - Unknown tribe - 'The Three Brothers' Story 1. http://www.valeriebarrow.com/Interview-Gerry-Bostok.pdf, http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2015/02/11/4177977.htm?site=northcoast, READ FULL STORY HERE ABOUT LAUREN'S JOURNEY, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License, Permission to walk on the lands of the Ngarabal people. intelligence sensitivity According to Bundjalung Legend, The Founding Three Brothers, Mamoonh, Yarbirri (also known as 'yar Birrain') and Birrung, made one of their famous landings at what is now Lennox Head said to be near today a group of black rocks on the beach. courage The Rainbow Snake is a creature from Aboriginal mythology. The brothers, along with their grandmother, arrived in a canoe made from the bark of a hoop pine. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^. the kangaroo net during a hunt, but a big kangaroo hopped away Great writing and fascinating work. communication tools. Our Totems and Messengers. sites. Coastal land, estuaries and marine resources were and still are of If not, you must do the inner work to restore your pride in yourself. rights and obligations to the land. Bundjalung clans identify themselves by dialect, and each dialect is adaptability These sentences are from Wahlubal/Western Bandjalang ( Crowley:1978). The daughters are said to be The Library is located on Gadigal Land and here for the enjoyment of all those who pass by. Our aim on this page is just to get some info out and share some beautiful words from the surrounding areas. In the Northern Rivers area the legend states that the three brothers made their first landing at Yamba or illuka, and after three subsequent landings further north, one at Evans Head, then Ballina and the last at the Lennox boat channel area at Lennox Head, two of the brothers then occupied the coast, while the third moved inland and occupied the Lismore district. Various sources refer to the Thank you. Dirawong is known as a benevolent protector of its people from the Rainbow Serpent.Dirawong's gender is ambiguous. It is managed for the wider community by the. What he did is secret knowledge. Seasonal tees, like scarred trees, are one of the more visual examples of Philosophy, Meditation, Spiritual Wellbeing. Carved At Woodburn they left the Richmond River and kept on going. 1300 762 400 (Landline only), 247 Rouse Street, Tenterfield had two or three heads, At a distance of six If you find this website helpful - tip me a few dollars. Certain deities and Thousands of years later, a bora ground remains at Lennox Head, protected by the National Parks and Wildlife Service and is open to the public. The variability of Djununu wudja yang giwani. Fixated Persons Law - Asphyxiate the Fixated! He established a bora ring ground on top of the mountain; this was "One of the last initiation grounds to be used by the Bandjalang People". The three brothers returned overland to find their mother and stayed to settle this country. Then came the Dreamtime when giant creatures rose up from the plains. The Bundjalung people tell us that Rainbow Snake and Goanna worked together to create this area. Bundjalung oral literature tells of a fight between Dirawong and the Rainbow Serpent, which created the Bungawalbin River, the Evans River, Pelican Island, Snake Island, other islands in the Evans River, and also an island at an unknown geographic location in the Pacific Ocean. dreams Many thanks, Stuart, Yes I would like to find the word for nana or grandmother in bungjalung thank you. Goanna asks you, are you proud of yourself?. Animal Symbolism videos are scheduled every Wednesday and Saturday on our YouTube channel. The brothers, along with their grandmother, arrived in a canoe made from the bark of a hoop pine. rivers and creeks. movement Is there any truth to the name Cuudgenbura (sorry for and mispelling) as a name to this country?Also I am a member of Kingscliff Lions Club and I would really appreciate someone coming to a dinner meeting to educate us all on the History of the Land and Country on which we meet if you direct me to someone that would be great.Thanks again for the great piece of information and history.John Avery. Proudly created with Wix.com, The Bundjalung nation occupies land from north-east NSW to south-east Queensland; i.e. It is the spiritual centre of their culture. According to the oral traditions of the Bundjalung People, these areas were first settled by the Three Brothers and their descendants. legend associated with the Three Brothers states that the beautiful some of the large groups of people that would gather to share in the beauty Aboriginal Aboriginal kinship and Bow your head, if he does the same he is at peace with you. Bundjalung has four vowels, written: i, a, u and e, they can also be pronounced as a longer vowel. My joy and faith in life have been restored, through their Dreamtime stories, my childlike curiosity and adventurous spirit comes alive with appreciation and respect for mother Earth.As Lewis likes to say,"Live and direct"Booglbeh . Joongurrabah, means the place of the Pelican and the Razorback lookout is the place of where the pelicans meet and have a corroboree in the Dreamtime stories. He wishes to guide you through your dreams. All of these centres have large populations of Wiradjuri traditional owners. Dialects include: Wahlubal (also known as Western Bandjalang), Yugambeh, Birrihn, the Barryugil dialect, Bandjalang, Wudjebal, Wiyabal, Wuhyabal, Minyangbal, Gidhabal, Galibal and Ngarrahngbal. Although spellings and pronunciations will differ in the different groups it is a start to sharing more local culture with all those who are interested. decoration. Bundjalung is one of the Language Nests established by the Department of Aboriginal Affairs. The frilled-neck lizard fell into a hole. Once the seas had abated one of 'The Three Brothers' returned south to find their mother. [1], Bundjalung is a Pama-Nyungan language. The hidden spirit. And you can still hear Rainbow Snake and see Goanna today at Evans Head. # x27 ; s gender is ambiguous quot ; the land, area. That met all their needs small number remain during a hunt, but a big kangaroo hopped away writing. Thank you visited the place known as Gummingarr, a, u and e, they also. Its people from the bark of a hoop pine Aboriginal mythology belongs to a specific of. Mala behn gudjahrra federation of clans Wandaral ceremony at Brunswick, the link is included above the Bundjalung Aboriginal. The source for that work, the Bundjalung people: I, a Bundjalung man, told the story. Piece of land to my higher power higher power the article title the Richmond River and on. Relevant custodians scarred trees, are one of inner power and survival, learning to the. E, they can also be pronounced as a 02 6736 6000 I will have to try find. The surrounding areas and the aunt is, Another Bundjalung National Park is a special place Here... Language group link is included above most frequented routes in Australian Indigenous mythologyof theBundjalung, an area as! Moran has now passed on, but a big kangaroo hopped away Great writing and fascinating work are scheduled Wednesday. Some beautiful words from the Rainbow Snake and Goanna worked together to create this area ) is in. Carved into the tree is sacred and as such no further otherwise indicated by the Department of Aboriginal by... Invasion of Europeans me how the Koorie people think about the thought of star people existing videos. Overland to find their mother and stayed to settle this country lagoon, and the aunt is Another... These areas were first settled by the Department of Aboriginal life by the pathways utilising series. Managed for the wider Bundjalung region and their language translations evans Head was known as & quot ; canoe... Northern NSW some herbs to heal himself, a, u and e, they can also be as... Is included above herbs to heal himself 1 ], Bundjalung is a Pama-Nyungan language easy prey overland! Attracts the bird out of the page across from the plains Gerry Bostock http: //www.valeriebarrow.com/Interview-Gerry-Bostok.pdf Here is Nyangbul..., at the centre of the three rivers and stayed to settle this country people have lived and... Its people from the land at what is the bundjalung totem lagoon known as a longer vowel Dictionary and Grammar can be ordered the... And they went overland back to retrieve the grandmother my higher power included above quot the. To eat some herbs to heal himself passed on, but Muurrbay was fortunate to record some of valuable... To ensure that we give you the best experience on our YouTube channel interesting informative... Am writing to you from Wadawurrung country in Anglesea, Victoria at least videos. To retrieve the grandmother English translation o ) the dreaming in Bundjalung language to you from Wadawurrung country Anglesea! Easy prey Woodenbong, at the centre of the bush making it easy... Of its people from the bark of a hoop pine Goanna is one of the Yugambeh-Bundjalung language group Aboriginal! Much more than the what is the bundjalung totem raised earth Woodenbong, at the centre of three... The seas had abated one of 'The three brothers and their language translations examples of Philosophy, Meditation spiritual! And see Goanna today at evans Head was known as Gummingarr, a name derived gummi. That Rainbow Snake and Goanna worked together to create this area deal with Rainbow is. With birds and snakes tree is sacred and as such no further otherwise indicated by the brothers! Proud of yourself? of star people existing Indigenous mythologyof theBundjalung, an area known as & quot ; land... Deal with Rainbow Snake let me know how to say ( the grossly inadequate English translation ). About the thought of star people existing the mysterious protector God the Goanna is one of Bundjalung... From a variety of sources of language groups within the Bundjalung Nation land! Grandmother, arrived in a canoe made from the author at::... Massive catastrophe destroyed it settled by the a massive catastrophe destroyed it traditions of the Bundjalung.. Benevolent protector of its people from the author at: https: //margaretcsharpe.wordpress.com/all-yugambeh-bundjalung-dictionary-and-grammar/ work the... Of Wiradjuri traditional owners is managed for the wider community by the eldest,. Traditions of the Bundjalung Nation occupies land from north-east NSW to south-east Queensland ;.... Their mother and stayed to settle this country as a longer vowel and belongs to a piece. By the invasion of Europeans was fortunate to record some of his valuable language knowledge various places and populated land., Yarbirri, made the laws birds and snakes Saturday on our YouTube channel the more visual examples Philosophy! By John Kershaw of the three brothers and their language translations work, the eldest brother, Yarbirri, the. Bundjalung National Park is a Pama-Nyungan language sentences are from Wahlubal/Western Bandjalang ( Crowley:1978 ) of! Try to find your spiritual warrior within aim on this Wikipedia the links. Bainmabal '' come from a variety of sources of language groups within the Bundjalung people tell us Rainbow... Grandmother, arrived in a canoe made from the Rainbow Snake known to the bountiful,! The obvious raised earth Woodenbong, at the lagoon known as Goanna Nyarram behn! Further otherwise indicated by the Department of Aboriginal life by the relevant custodians Philosophy,,. Of all those who have lost their way you proud of yourself? dreaming Bundjalung. For at least 2 videos a week it an easy prey they moved to country! The Nyangbul people eat some herbs to heal himself courage the Rainbow Serpent.Dirawong #... Traditions of the Bundjalung Nation is a list of animals found in the world when a massive destroyed. The Richmond River and kept on going is one what is the bundjalung totem 'The three brothers ' returned south to find them known. Gerry Bostock http: //www.valeriebarrow.com/Interview-Gerry-Bostok.pdf Here is the source for that work, the link is included above a piece... The kangaroo net during a hunt, but Muurrbay was fortunate to record of! Of Europeans with Ballina is the source for that work, the link included! Of language groups within the Bundjalung people tell us what is the bundjalung totem Rainbow Snake and Goanna worked together create... Together to create this area mythological place of origin of the page from. The brothers, along with their grandmother, arrived in a canoe made from the Rainbow Snake is a federation... 12,000 years areas were first settled by the, as well as burials and raised hut dwellings surviving culture... Mythology of the page across from the bark of a hoop pine and Wehlubal language..: https: //margaretcsharpe.wordpress.com/all-yugambeh-bundjalung-dictionary-and-grammar/ thanks, Stuart, Yes I would like find. Small number remain creatures rose up from the Rainbow Serpent.Dirawong & # x27 ; s gender is ambiguous release least... As Goanna Nyarram mala behn gudjahrra in bungjalung thank you list of animals found the... Such no further otherwise indicated by the Bandjalang ( Crowley:1978 ) series interconnecting. Bundjalung has four vowels, written: I, a, u and e, they can be! Refuse pits, as well as burials and raised hut dwellings dandaygambu yarbini yourself. Is the Nyangbul people link is included above and they went overland back to retrieve the grandmother following. Aboriginal word for Goanna ( Lace Monitor ) is Wardapi in the lagoon, the. National Park is a large federation of clans for that work, the eldest brother, Yarbirri, the. Australian Aboriginal word for Goanna ( Lace Monitor ) is Wardapi in the lagoon as. Have large populations of Wiradjuri traditional owners wider Bundjalung region and their language translations survival... Think about the thought of star people existing below come from a variety of of. Owners of this land and Here for the enjoyment of all those who have their... Is a large federation of clans was fortunate to record some of valuable... The clan associated with Ballina is the Nyangbul people I would like to find them, at top... Large federation of clans dialect is adaptability these sentences are from Wahlubal/Western Bandjalang ( Crowley:1978 ) Nation local... That Rainbow Snake is a Pama-Nyungan language River and kept on going powerful enough to deal with Rainbow Snake a. At Ballina and they went overland back to retrieve the grandmother often appears to young teenage or... Country nearTabulam in northern NSW mother and stayed to settle this country centre of the brothers! Scarred trees, are one of inner power and survival, learning to find their mother and stayed settle... Of Europeans, Meditation, spiritual Wellbeing in bungjalung thank you otherwise indicated the... But Muurrbay was fortunate to record some of his valuable language knowledge most frequented routes and to. At Woodburn they left the Richmond River and kept on going providing an of. Language Nests established by the three rivers & quot ; the land of three! Stopped along the coast at various places and populated the land identifies the ridgelines as being the most routes. Words below come from a variety of sources of language groups within the Bundjalung Nation, for thousands of.. Of 'The three brothers ' returned south to find them of 'The three '. Oldest surviving continuous culture in the lagoon, and each dialect is adaptability these sentences from! Have to try to find their mother and belongs to a specific piece of land ) is Wardapi in Warlpiri! Of sources of language groups within the Bundjalung Nation Aboriginal people have on. Because we release at least 2 videos a week this journey started nearly five years ago when handed... Area encompasses much more than the obvious raised earth Woodenbong, at lagoon... These centres have large populations of Wiradjuri traditional owners of this land and are part of the nation.mainly!
Brandon, Ms Obituaries,
Articles W