A healthcare professional cleans the skin on the front side of your elbow with an antiseptic and applies an elastic band to allow blood to pool in the vein. Stress-free visits All Rights Reserved. American Association for Clinical Chemistry. Abnormally high ALP values may be the result of: Abnormally low ALP values may be the result of: An ALP test is typically accompanied by a bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test. To check, if treatments for those diseases are working, Eating a fatty meal if you have blood type O or B. The ALP test results are presented as a reference range of values measures in enzyme units per liter (U/L) or microkatals per liter (kat/L). Learn about the types, causes, and treatment of bone cancer. Doctors usually use this test to diagnose bone and liver disorders. It should be kept in mind that many laboratory data are dependent on age and sex. U.S. National Library of Medicine. It is also elevated in diseases of the skeletal system, such as Paget disease, hyperparathyroidism, rickets, and osteomalacia, as well as with fractures and malignant tumors. The ALP test can be helpful in the diagnosis of bone concerns such as: ALP testing may also be helpful in investigating the presence of cancer tumors, unusual bone growth, or vitamin D deficiency. which enables users to obtain detailed information and reports based on their genome. It helps break down proteins in the body and exists in different forms, depending on where it originates. Sharma U, Pal D, Prasad R. Alkaline phosphatase: An overview. DO NOT stop or change your medicines without talking to your provider first. National Library of Medicine The increase is higher in the first weeks and the last trimester of pregnancy. The response of the liver to any form of biliary tree obstruction induces the synthesis of ALP by hepatocytes. They then insert a needle into the vein to draw blood into a small tube. To pinpoint the cause, the healthcare provider may also order blood tests to look for hormone imbalances (such as occurs thyroid or parathyroid disease), generalized inflammation and increased white blood cell counts (signs of infection), kidney enzyme abnormalities, and various tumor markers in the blood that suggest the presence of cancer. However, there are also harmless causes of abnormal levels, such as pregnancy or bone development in children and adolescents. testing to when the result is released to the ordering provider. It can also be used to check the progress of treatment for any of the above conditions. You must consult your doctor before acting on any content on this website, especially if you are pregnant, nursing, taking medication, or have a medical condition. Methodology Immunochemiluminometric assay (ICMA) Martin P. Approach to the patient with liver disease. Mice deficient in intestinal alkaline phosphatase can develop type 2 diabetes. ALP increase (greater than 2-fold the URV) can predict transplant-free survival rates of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. Pancreatitis, carcinoma of pancreas, cystic fibrosis. In the statistical analysis the sample population is subdivided by sex and age, two variables which are known to . Similar symptoms can occur with gallbladder diseases. The liver-bone-kidney type is particularly important. Hypervitaminosis D may cause elevations in alkaline phosphatase. A normal level in the first trimester of pregnancy is between 17 to 88 U/L, the second trimester is between 25 to 126 U/L, and the third trimester is between 38 to 229 U/L. It is often completed with other blood tests for assessment purposes. As part of a routine liver function test Normal Results The normal range is 44 to 147 international units per liter (IU/L) or 0.73 to 2.45 microkatal per liter (kat/L). Bone loss and liver damage release excessive amounts of alkaline phosphatase into the blood. Alpha phosphatase is considered a biomarker for many disorders, with abnormally high and abnormally low ALP levels pointing the healthcare provider in the direction of the possible causes. In the International System of Units (SI), ALP (alkaline phosphatase) in the blood is measured in ukat/l. What are the risks of an alkaline phosphatase level test? We avoid using tertiary references. Eating can interfere with your ALP levels. 25th ed. Injection of intestinal alkaline phosphatase reduces inflammatory molecules (TNF-alpha, IL-5, and IL-1beta) in newborns that suffer from gut cell death (necrotizing enterocolitis). Treating antibiotic-treated mice with intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) before Salmonella and Clostridium infection protects the mice from the infection, suggesting that it helped to rapidly restore gut flora. Accommodations. 0.5-2.0 ng/mL. A 2013 research review showed that the normal range for a. (1) We believe that the most accurate information is found directly in the scientific source. Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme. Having blood drawn for an ALP test is routine. It is caused by increased osteoblast activity following accelerated bone growth. Many commonly and uncommonly used drugs elevate alkaline phosphatase, and tenfold increases may be seen with drug cholestasis. The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. In case you are pregnant, you should use a different range of the previously exposed. The normal range is 44 to 147 international units per liter (IU/L) or 0.73 to 2.45 microkatal per liter (kat/L). 8 Benefits of Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase There are many types of alkaline phosphatase, but the type found in the gut has been most studied to date. Most of the time blood is drawn from a vein located on the inside of the elbow or the back of the hand. Alkaline phosphatase plays an important role in the development of bones and teeth because it is essential for mineralization. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. ALP is an enzyme found throughout the body, What alkaline phosphatase test means? This procedure does not provide serial monitoring; it is intended for one-time use only. Children and pregnant women can have significantly higher levels of the enzyme in their blood [ 1 ]. Learn more about the liver here. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) level gives more information when it is studied along with the GGT (Gamma-glutamyltransferase) blood test: A low level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood may be due to: The following values are considered to be normal values: IMPORTANT: These levels are expressed in U/L. Scientists have not yet identified the full range of biochemical reactions that ALP instigates, but the enzyme is known to contribute to the following processes: ALP is found in all tissues of the body but, not surprisingly, is found in its highest concentration in the liver, bones, kidneys, and intestines as well as the bile ducts (that drain bile from the liver) and gallbladder (that stores bile). For the best experience, tryChrome or In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Some studies show Curcumin increases intestinal alkaline phosphatase activity levels in gut cells [9]. How is this test done? ALP is most abundant in the liver and bones, and high ALP levels may stem from a health problem in these areas. Normal values may vary slightly from laboratory to laboratory. The information on this website has not been evaluated by the Food & Drug Administration or any other medical body. (In most patients with cholecystitis and cholangitis who do not have a common duct stone, alkaline phosphatase is within normal limits or only slightly increased.) In rickets and osteomalacia, serum calcium and phosphorus are low to normal, and alkaline phosphatase may be normal or increased. The doctor may ask about any current supplements or medications and provide instructions about when to take these before the ALP test. One common reference range is from 44 to 147 international units per liter (IU/L), but some organizations recommend a range of 30 to 120 IU/L. We are dedicated to providing the most scientifically valid, unbiased, and comprehensive information on any given topic. The best way to know what is normal or not is to discuss the results with your doctor, who will be able to interpret the labs specific result and reference ranges. Pag. Clin Biochem. An ALP test is a blood test. These tests measure substances that are released into the bloodstream if the liver is injured. Higher ALP levels can occur in people with blood group B or blood group O [7]. Some labs set the range at 30 to 130 U/L. 1. Your doctor chooses follow-up tests based on your overall health and other test results on file. Learn about the possible causes of elevated liver enzymes, Cirrhosis is a liver condition that causes irreversible scarring on the liver. . This typically takes 1 to 2 days. Primary or metastatic tumor in liver: there may be marked increase and GT is often high. Additionally, any condition that affects bone growth or causes the increased activity of bone cells can increase ALP levels in the blood. However, the prevalence among healthy children is unknown. Blood pressure can be too low (hypotension) or too high (hypertension). They also can vary with age and gender. 6. In rickets and osteomalacia, serum calcium and phosphorus are low to normal, and alkaline phosphatase may be normal or increased. TH is most common in young children, with a peak prevalence between 6 and 24 months of age. The normal range of ALP varies from person to person and depends on your age, blood type, gender, and whether you're pregnant. 2014; 147: pp. Our goal is to not have a single piece of inaccurate information on this website. The process is quick and typically causes little pain or discomfort. What is the normal range of alkaline phosphatase? You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. Gastroenterology. There are very few risks associated with having your blood drawn. ALP levels also vary with age and gender, with levels higher in children and pregnant women . Skip to Main Content; National Library of Medicine. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. 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